‘Developed’ by capitalist standards. They all stopped and went backwards from about the 1970s. Since then, they started measuring growth by counting nothing as something or counting some things twice. Not to mention that capitalism is crisis.

Liberal/welfare democracies didn’t stop growing because there was no room to grow. They stopped growing because the workers stopped organising and demanding infrastructure and housing, etc. They could’ve kept on growing by developing rural areas, hospitals, schools, public transport, etc. Instead, they decided to tarmac over everything and let all the bridges fall into the water.

Communists will blow right past those concepts of development and growth. Already, China is living in a different century. We’re going to need a concept of ‘post-development’ to make sense of what comes next (where we will likely see development without the capitalist notion of infinite growth).

maybe. my pushback is that capitalist countries have either largely not used planning or abandoned it due to pressure from daddy USA, so i really dont think we can use them to predict China’s growth