There is parallel with masking. The bank values the safety of the whole rather than the freedom to root for an individual. You stand to lose only your own bank balance. The bank stands to lose the funds of every rooted phone that contains a banking app exploit targeting them.
I mean, they get that anyway with malware and security exploits. Except that rooted phones usually have a root manager, which asks for permission if an app wants to do more. And i don’t think the root user listening into the app/their own account should be a problem; because in this case the problem is with the banks’ security practice.
Well, at least my bank doesn’t care about root or safety net.
The concern is not much phones rooted with intent by their owners, but phones rooted by malware without the owner’s consent:
https://thehackernews.com/2021/10/this-new-android-malware-can-gain-root.html
If there was a way to signal that a rooted phone was actually secure, malware would send that signal.