Everyone.
As opposed to disciplinary action carried out by a central authority, rule breakers just get slapped by every community member in a revolving door fashion.
I think you’re assuming I mean “there are no fast and hard rules, period”, when I mean “the structure of each group is mostly up to what the internal community decides is best”.
There is no system that is perfect, but we’ve had the entirety of human history to show that authoritarian systems are consistently bad for the humans, like flesh between the cogs. I’d much rather a web of communities in solidarity and negotiation, using their collective knowledge to forge onward.
Are there criminal records? Are they kept on decentralised ledgers like crypto?
You use the old ladies on the balconies. They see everything.
Or whatever means you wanna do, there’s no hard and fast rule on how the system is structured - just that hierarchies be limited and only exist as long as necessary, and authority remain as evenly distributed throughout the community as possible.