First I want to say I appreciate that you are inquisitive and interested in learning more about the conflict. I’m not sure I’ll have time to answer all of your questions so I wanted to provide some of the best resources I’ve come across.
Articles will always have bias and can omit details, which is why I consider the most comprehensive sources to be works by New Historians and Investigative reports by human rights organizations. Their work is done on-the-ground and independently of each other, so cross referencing their works will give you the best picture IMO.
For an end to the conflict, I believe only a Secular Binational One-State Solution is the only real way forward because of the current reality of the occupied territories. I’ve linked a couple articles that show why some New Historians think that way.
List of Human Rights Organizations / Reports:
B’TSelem Report with quick Explainer
List of Books by New Historians:
If you don’t have access to a library or want to view these for free first, they can all be found on the Library Genesis. I believe a few are on audible too
The Concept of Transfer 1882-1948 - Nur Masalha
A History of Modern Palestine - Ilan Pappe
The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine - Ilan Pappe
The Biggest Prison on Earth: A History of the Occupied Territories - Ilan Pappe
The 1967 Arab-Israeli War: Origins and Consequences - Avi Shlaim
The Gaza Strip: The Political Economy of De-development - Sara Roy
New Historian Aricles on One vs. Two State Solution:
How Avi Shlaim moved from two-state solution to one-state solution
‘One state is a game changer’: A conversation with Ilan Pappe
