My understanding is that vaping dry herb under 200°C (392°F) is much safer, containing only 5% smoke. As opposed to actually smoking, which is 88% smoke. Personally, I max out at 195°C and the vapor still tastes clean. If I go to 200+, it starts to taste burnt.
Something of a maybe credible source: https://thehigherpath.com/blog/smoking-vs-vaping/
Thanks for pointing this out, I’ve come across similar information myself, but what I’m saying is I want to see more studies that distinguish between vaping and smoking at the very least. The op article at least acknowledged that they assume most people in the study smoked, but a lot of studies I’ve read in the past don’t even point out that the consumption method could have an impact on the data.