I can think of two:
- Speaking multiple languages, and
- Perfect pitch
Both are more easily learned at a young age. Are there others?
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Playing a musical instrument:
Easier to learn when young and improves brain elasticity.
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Cooking:
Encourages healthier eating habits, decreases frequency on costly meals out, and makes learning to cook new things less intimidating.
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Fixing things / building things:
Once you start taking things apart or putting them together (doesn’t really matter what) it increases the confidence of being able to do your own repairs / maintenance instead of paying others to do it.
Nitpicking: I’d rephrase “playing an instrument” to “playing a first instrument”. I struggled as heck to learn the guitar as a young adult, while kids in my music class were having a much easier time; but once I got it after a while, all instruments I learned after that, even in my 40s, were a ton easier.