Further, products and services are never exchanged in an equitable transaction between two parties, because capitalism necessitates a third party, the capitalist.
Hang out with small business owners and you’ll find lots of examples of two party exchanges. The closest thing to a third party is when there’s a contract dispute that involves arbitration or a lawsuit.
The capitalist must acquire products and services from employees for less than their true value, and then sell them to consumers for more than their true value.
This isn’t capitalism, this is employment. Employment has been a feature of most economic systems over the past few thousand years. It’s important to ignore Marxist theory on employment and alienation because is relies on cherry picking facts to create bizarre and blatantly false narratives.
This sentence also packs in a misunderstanding of how value is generated in all economic systems, not just capitalism. The migrant worker is an economic staple in most (if not all) societies that engaged in agriculture. Take the Roman economy for example, migrant workers lack any property ownership themselves and so must sell labor for money. In the absence of tools, property and seeds, they are not able to generate anything of value for anyone else. A wealthy Roman farm owner has more land than they can work themselves. Without workers, their land has some value, but much less. When the farmer purchases labor for money, more food is produced than was consumed by both parties over that time period. If an excess of food is not generated, then somebody starves. The same thing holds for McDonalds. McDonalds owns a trademark, a marketing organization and a supply chain; all of which are useless without a restaurant. A franchise owner purchases access to the systems that McDonalds owns in order to create a restaurant. The restaurant is useless without a fry cook. The fry cook operates the kitchen gear in the restaurant in order to produce food for consumers. It’s important to note that without the restaurant, the marketing and the supply chain, the labor of the fry cook is work very little.
And because capitalism demands growth
The demand for growth is not specific to capitalism. Economic systems that don’t exhibit growth either can’t physically support a growing population (with things like food or shelter), or the average standard of living decreases. Both of these situations are difficult to sustain for any political system.
