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A person with no access to housing. Most people would refer to one as “homeless”.
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Well, there is such a word, you’ve just encountered it.
As for why, I guess each person might have different motivations to use it but I’d say the more probable one is an attempt to emphasize that the lack of housing is something inflicted on people, hence the use of X-ed (victim) instead of X-less (attribute). Someone can choose to be homeless (like nomads), but the unhoused are so against their will. Similar to preferring marginalized over minority, or impoverished over poor.