For my phone, I use Graphene OS. What would be the best desktop Linux option to match the level of security and privacy that GOS provides?
If you look through this thread, you may notice that almost everything is biased towards personal preference(s). I recommend you research for those aspects of security AND privacy that interest you and select the tools, distros that you prefer. The beauty of Linux lies in its variety. Use what pleases you and serves your needs.