No, periphery.
They’re part of the exploited nations and definitely do not gain from the imperial countries (and aren’t imperialist)
Geographically yes. They are in the western hemisphere. Lets be obtuse and refuse to accept that Europe or Israel have anything to do with being called “western civilization” because they are in the eastern hemisphere. This is so that we can frame the conversation to being about exploitation and our desire to reduce it. Letting fascists control conversation about east vs west just feeds into fascist clash of civilizations tropes.
Global South, actually.
No, because it doesn’t profit off of imperialism.
It’s simple really. Latin Americans are taught that they are part of the West and feel Western.
Europeans say lol no.
To add on a little bit further, the definition doesn’t come first as in the case of North America for example. The definition of Western is made post-hoc to describe an emotion and sense of belonging. Europeans feel it among each other and don’t feel it towards Latin Americans. Latin Americans feel it towards each other and towards Europeans.
There can be no objective criteria to judge the answer, so there is no objective answer.
As an adjacent narrative, I can and will claim that Japan is Western and there is nothing you can do to disprove it.
