This might be obvious but when you connect your phone to your PC have you enabled file transfers? Usually it defaults to charging only. It should show up in your notification bar.
Plug in cable to PC, go into android USB setting and switch it to file transfer instead of charging mode, it should show in your file manager as a connected USB drive. ( you can tell everyone is a linux or phone techy, everone gave the complicated merhods that didn’t address the question asked, but @OP all the other methods work also )
Of course, it’s awesome; so is GSConnect on Gnome, and syncthing is awesome, and fx on android with samba shares is great. Croc on mobile to PC, etc. just the dude asks how to use USB cable and gets recompile your kernel suggestion ( I’m being hyberbolic)
I have a Pixel 4a with GrapheneOS and I can never get it to find any other devices in KDE connect for some reason. Syncthing works fine though so I just use that instead.
If you’re using a vpn it could be preventing it, I had to allow lan on mullvad’s settings to make it work.
I’d use Kdeconnect or syncthing
Plug it in, unlock it, tap the USB notification and change it to “transfer files”. I like to keep my screen on but you shouldn’t have to.
Mtp is your friend, here is hiw I do it on my devices (samsung a23 and both opensuse and arch):
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I connect my phone to my pc. Then select mtp in the phone notification.
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Start my file manager (dolphine or whatever) and access my phone storage from there.
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Make sure to allow the notification on the phone asking if you want to sahre your storage with the external device.
