I am going to intentionally exclude Unifi and Mikrotik along with the vendors like Cisco, Juniper, Aruba etc from this discussion as I don’t think they are relevant (especially since you can’t run them on your hardware).
- OPNsense: Considered the superior alternative to PFSense. Great firewall, routing capabilities, IDS and certificate authority, advanced features, can be a DNS server etc. Best option all around for x86, but BSD based - take note of available drivers. Don’t even think about running random WiFi antennas unless you confirm good support for them (use a distinct WAP).
- OpenWRT: built for consumer router + switch + WAP boxes on embedded hardware. Great OS and uses very little resources with many features, but doesn’t compete in features with OPNsense if you have x86.
- VyOS: Debian based router + firewall. Linux makes it easier for people to pick up the CLI but I’ve heard complaints about it being difficult to follow. Currently CLI only, at least without third-party solutions, but is powerful and competes directly with OPNsense for features for the most part. Edit: I made a mistake - LTS versions also have their source available for free, you’d just need to compile it with the instructions on their website. Seems to be stable.
- Debian + FRRouting + nftables + heavy SELinux for the paranoid/analogous alternatives on OpenBSD (the latter is considered more secure but YMMV, configuration plays a big part here).
- Freemium: Sophos free version for home use.
Which one of these do you run, and why? What have been your issues with one or the other, and what have you settled on? Any niche customisations that you might have made? I’m very interested to know!
Cheers
Edit: it would seem that OPNsense is a big winner in this space for stability. OpenWRT comes next because of it’s very light nature and ability to run on consumer routers.
What kind of extensive network setups are you running at home? I just have a few Wifi-routers with OpenWRT and one server / NAS. (Which also does DNS Ad-blocking.)
Most home setups will likely work fine with just one firewall, but I am planning for 2 at the very least for my network. Also, sometimes it might be better to run a separate router in a VM and have a distinct network behind it if you want to segment said network more thoroughly/want to emulate an enterprise environment etc. I personally see good use for running 2 or more routers (software/hardware) in a lab, but YMMV
Thanks. I was going a bit more for the “what do you need that for” aspect. Emulating an enterprise environment sounds more like tinkering or learning? I mean I get network segmenting if you want to seperate for example an home-office from the entertainment devices in the livingroom from the cheap unpatched IoT devices… And also have a seperate network to experiment in the basement lab… Doing firewalling to keep the TV from transmitting behaviour tracking data to the manufacturer… Stop the kids from accessing the network share… Or you have several servers running at home with lots of containers…
But are that hypothetical use-cases? Or what do people actually use the 2 consecutive firewalls and different network segments for?
I mean I live in a country where electricity isn’t that cheap. I run one server 24/7 and that has to do everything. And since it’s just one machine I can set up a network bridge and a seperate internal network for docker there. Most of the networking isn’t overly complicated and contained within that machine. But my OpenWRT also does additional wifi for the guests and a third network for experimentation.
I get doing it as a hobby. I was just wondering if there are 12 laptops at home, VLANs through the house and 3 servers with lots of storage and webservices and that’s what the OPNsense is for, or if it’s more “because I can”.
Thanks for explaining your rationale for the question. I’m in the US and whilst power isn’t the least expensive in the world, it’s not as bad, as say, Germany.
If you look at my history, in my previous post I was talking about hosting AD. Alongside that, I will also be hosting (sometime in the near future) an IOT controller, messaging, many IOT devices etc. Instead of just creating VLANs (which is certainly a valid approach), I’d like to create a separate network (and bind the VMs behind the router to only be able to pass traffic through that router with ACLs and defining it as the gateway).
I do not have a massive consumer base at home (the nod towards “12 laptops, bunch of PCs and a home datacenter” isn’t really for me), but I will have a lot of service VMs, containers etc. Some of them, I’d like for them to stay contained and not have to write additional firewall rules/ACLs on my main router - I can write those in the config of the secondary router and have a clean separation between a testing network (which is the purpose for the secondary router as a VM, for me) and my actual gateway.
Now, in terms of hardware, I’d like to run 2 different firewalls too. Partly because I’m paranoid about Intel ME - the plan was to run an OpenWRT router which would be connected to the internet, with a second router on x86 (which is why I made this post and was looking forward to this discussion) behind it, whilst intentionally double-NATting myself. I will also be setting up ACLs on the OpenWRT router/firewall to attempt to prevent Intel ME from ever accessing the internet - I believe that even if ME can utilise the same MAC of the NIC to send packets, it cannot use the same IP address. I’m also in the phase of researching other parameters on which I can filter out such traffic and only allow traffic from my trusted node (i.e. router/firewall OS) to access the internet. This argument probably won’t hold up very well against real-world scenarios and I might face hitches along the way, but I want to try it.
Also, I’ll feel safer experimenting on my “main” firewall/router (the x86 box - like I mentioned to another commenter, I might run a DIY OpenBSD router on it) if I have a firewall/NAT setup in front of it to take care of my network.
Thanks for the question, and I’m sure my words don’t make much sense (technically speaking), but this is simply what I cobbled together thinking about what I can realistically do.
I’m on pfSense+, but I’ll be switching to opnSense eventually.
I’ve run Opnsense for quite a few years now, haven’t really had any issues with it.
I’d like to try OpenWRT and move to a nice low power router, but figuring out what hardware is supported is hard, as just “it runs openwrt” isn’t good enough when hardware acceleration often doesn’t work and stuff like that. Overall just too confusing for me to bother with finding hardware that will handle at least 3 Gbps throughput.
VyOS looks interesting but CLI only sounds super rough, I don’t really understand how I would do stuff like see DNS blocklist stats and easily whitelist by clicking on a blocked host, or add a static IP by clicking on the MAC address and that sort of thing.
Honestly you can go buy some random device and it will probability be supported. For instance I bought a Linksys router from Walmart and it runs Openwrt fine.
IPtables on Debian because I like my life to be boring and unchanging.
Is that your firewall? I admit it’s a great idea but do you use something else for routing?
Yep. Firewall, routing, dhcp, dns, everything you’d expect from a gateway device. Plain Debian (or really any distro) can do it all. With a 1gbps bi-directional connection fully saturated it will run at about 10% cpu on my very crappy low power Celeron CPU.
Plus, there’s no web UI full of janky and insecure CGI scripts to exploit, and software updates are forever (well, until x64 is deprecated, so basically forever).
You have really piqued my interest. I have always thought about running my DIY Router + Firewall + switch but had never really spoken to anyone who had done it before (guides on the internet notwithstanding).
However, if I do something like this, it will likely be on OpenBSD. Now, I haven’t delved deep enough into the BSDs to know if it’s better than Debian since all distributions can be made as secure as we want. However, OpenBSD just has a better image in my mind in terms of security and some of their choices in the OS are to my liking.
