16α-hydroxyestriol was the star of this study, producing a 15% increase in median lifespan in male mice. However, it lowered median lifespan in females by 7%. While many drugs affect lifespan sex-specifically, opposing effects are rare; in fact, this is the first case in ITP’s history. Interestingly, we have another example from the same study: canagliflozin, when started at 16 months of age, led to a 14% increase in median lifespan in males and a 6% decline in females. In a previous ITP study, when started at 6 months, canagliflozin increased male lifespan without affecting female lifespan. All other tested drugs did not have a statistically significant effect on lifespan in either sex.