The problem I have about centrifuges on planets is not the realisation in a sense of how we build it, but the logistics with it, because a centrifuge is big and circular, and you can’t expand it that well because of multiple reasons (we’ll assume that the centrifuges would be build like you said, perpendicular to the force of gravity):
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If you install a centrifuge that is a small ring, which is in this thought a cylinder with a circular hole in it, you can not expand one circle directly, because they have a fixed size, but there is a solution: stacking these rings. With that you can expand one circle, by adding “copies” of itself on top of it. To avoid just having a very big cylinder, you can tilt every new cylinder by some small amount, so that if you combine a lot of them you get a thorus.
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But even with that you waste so much building space, because circular shapes are a pain to store, so this solution would be inefficient.
To solve this, you could build a city on a moon or planet with lower gravity by adding hexagonal tiles to the surface and building simelar towers on this. With that you’ll be using nearly 100% of the space, but this makes centrifuges much more harder.
This is the first thing you mentioned, and adding to what you said after that I just want to tell you, that Transhumanism probably won’t happen in our time.
Maybe, but probably not, especially with everything happening around us: climate change, possible war with nuclear holocaust, not being careful with AI, etc.
I just want to tell you, that Transhumanism probably won’t happen in our time.
Neither will the large-scale colonization of other planets. Sure, we’ll build small research outposts, probably some Helium-3 mines on the moon to power fusion reactors back home. But cities on other planets? Hell no. Old sci-fi was wrong. They used to think we’d be on Mars by the year 2000, in reality we even gave up on the moon. The kind of huge engineering we used to envision is way too expensive and pointless. There’s nothing on Mars that Earth doesn’t have, so why bother? Instead, we’re focusing on ‘small’ technologies like medicine, computers, AI. I don’t see us expanding beyond our planet in a major way until these small technologies eliminate the need for those large-scale engineering projects.