Bashar Hafez al-Assad (born in Damascus, September 11, 1965) is the current president of the Syrian Arab Republic, ruling since July 17, 2000 after succeeding his father, Hafez al-Assad. He has also been the president of the Syrian Arab Socialist Ba’ath Party since July 24, 2000, also upon succeeding his father.
Al-Assad graduated from Damascus University Medical School in 1988, and began working as a military doctor in the Syrian Arab Army. Four years later, he attended postgraduate studies in London, specializing in Ophthalmology. In 1994 his older brother, Basel, was killed in a traffic accident. Bashar returned to Syria to resume his brother’s role as heir apparent. He entered the military academy, and took charge of the Syrian occupation of Lebanon in 1998. In December 2000, Assad married Asma al-Assad, a computer science graduate and economic analyst at Deutsche Bank and JP Morgan.
At the beginning of his mandate, he proposed a policy of democratic change and a liberal economic opening. After 2012, he revived his liberal policies by promoting privatizations and winning new international partners such as China. He also started to promote tourism on the Syrian Mediterranean coasts.
Faced with the threat of the idea of preemptive war carried out by the US administration, the instability in Lebanon (where Syria maintained a strong military presence) and the constant tensions with neighboring Israel, Bashar al-Assad tried to have a reformist discourse that could satisfy the wishes of the European Union and the United States.
Since 2011, with the beginning of the Syrian Civil War, different Arab countries, the European Union, the United States, Turkey and other governments have demanded the resignation of Bashar al-Assad, while governments of other countries such as Iran, Russia, China, North Korea, Venezuela, Bolivia, Ecuador and Cuba condemn or do not support foreign intervention or a change of government in Syria.
Today he is still the President of Syria and the government controls the majority of the country, thanks mainly to Russian support and intervention in the war against ISIS, and is slowly being accepted by international organizations such as the Arab League and the UN, which had denounced him at the beginning of the civil war.
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