Apps are available as .vpk files. There is a database.
https://vitadb.rinnegatamante.it/
Mostly I install stuff with the app-store style browser for that repository though, not manually downloading the files.
The actual modding process is extremely streamlined nowadays.
Wait, so if I factory restore and update it, I can install CFW straight from the browser?!
Yup
Also, guide site: https://guide.psp2.dev/