Philip K. Dick was writing stories about nuclear armageddon in the late 1940s-early 1950s. Even the few stories he did about humans inventing space travels usually involved humans meeting an alien race that is more advanced than us, and eventually defeating us.
I can beat that. “Atomic Weight 500” is a book of nuclear power written in 1925 by a guy born 1870 about nuclear power - and nuclear war. Though his nuclear war was “different”. Even Hans Dominik didn’t expect Chain Reactions being so quick as they really were. But the basic idea of creating a critical mass to generate uncontrollable amounts of energy was implemented perfectly.